Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States, with over 100,000 new cases estimated in 2025. The good news is that it’s also one of the most preventable.
With regular screenings and healthy lifestyle habits, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing colorectal cancer. Since March is National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, it’s the perfect time to learn more about prevention and early detection.
What is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer originates in the colon or rectum, usually starting as small, benign growths called polyps. Some of these polyps can turn into cancer over time. The key to prevention is catching, watching, and removing these polyps before they can become dangerous.
One of the challenges with colorectal cancer is that it often develops without any noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, when symptoms do start to occur, they can include the following:
- Changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of stool)
- Blood in stool or bleeding from the rectum
- Persistent abdominal pain, cramping, or bloating
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
Because these symptoms can be caused by other conditions, it’s important not to ignore them. As with other cancers, getting screened early can detect suspicious polyps before symptoms even start, increasing the chances of successful treatment.
When Should You Start Getting Screened?
The American Cancer Society recommends that adults at average risk of colorectal cancer begin screening at age 45. However, if you have a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or other risk factors, your doctor may recommend starting earlier.
There are several screening options, including:
- Colonoscopy: A doctor uses a tiny camera to examine your entire colon and remove any polyps found.
- Stool-based tests: These tests detect blood or abnormal DNA in your stool.
- Blood-based tests: These tests screen for DNA changes that may indicate cancerous or pre-cancerous cells.
Each test is different and used in different scenarios, so it’s important to discuss with your doctor which option is best for you.
Lifestyle Changes to Lower Your Risk
While screenings are the most effective way to prevent or detect early colorectal cancer, there are also habits and lifestyle changes you can make that can lower your risk. These include:
1. Eat a Healthy Diet
A diet high in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can support a healthy digestive system. At the same time, it’s best to limit high amounts of red meat and processed meats, which have been linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
2. Stay Active
Regular physical activity not only helps maintain a healthy weight but also lowers your cancer risk.
3. Limit Alcohol and Quit Smoking
Excessive alcohol use and smoking are both linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer. One of the best habit changes you can make for your overall health is to quit smoking.
4. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Individuals who are obese have a higher risk of developing colon cancer—especially for men. By eating a balanced diet and staying active regularly, you can help your weight stay within a healthier range.
5. Know Your Family History
If colorectal cancer runs in your family, share this information with your doctor. A first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) with colorectal cancer increases your risk, and you may need to start screening earlier than the general guidelines suggest.
Breaking the Stigma Around Colorectal Cancer Screenings
Many people feel hesitant or embarrassed about colorectal cancer screenings, especially colonoscopies. However, these tests are routine, safe, and highly effective. The temporary discomfort of a screening is nothing compared to the potential consequences of undetected cancer.
If you’ve been avoiding screening due to fear, embarrassment, or uncertainty, consider reaching out to a healthcare provider to discuss your concerns. They can help you understand what to expect and ease any anxieties you may have.
Take Action This Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month
March is a great time to schedule a screening or encourage a loved one to do so. By taking preventive measures against colorectal cancer, you can protect your health and reduce your risk.
This article is meant for informational purposes only. If you have questions or would like further information about cancer screenings, make an appointment with your primary care provider.
