Some women may face complications during their pregnancies that require some extra care and attention. One of these is gestational diabetes, a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and can lead to additional complications. The good news is—with the right knowledge and support—gestational diabetes can be managed effectively, resulting in a healthy pregnancy for both you and your baby.
What is Gestational Diabetes?
Gestational diabetes is a condition where glucose in the blood (blood sugar) becomes more difficult to process during pregnancy, leading to higher blood sugar levels. This occurs due to insulin resistance, which can increase during the hormonal changes that take place while pregnant. The condition typically develops between 24 and 28 weeks and affects about 5-9% of pregnancies in the U.S.
Blood sugar levels generally return to your baseline after birth, but it’s still extremely important to take steps to protect yourself and your baby during your pregnancy.
Risk Factors and Causes
Risk factors for gestational diabetes include:
- Having a family history of diabetes.
- Having prediabetes.
- Lack of regular movement or exercise.
- Being overweight before pregnancy.
- Having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Potential Complications
Gestational diabetes can lead to various complications for both mother and baby if not properly managed. Mothers may face an increased risk of high blood pressure and preeclampsia, a serious condition that can threaten both maternal and fetal health. There’s also a higher likelihood of requiring a cesarean (C-section) delivery.
For babies, potential complications include excessive birth weight (which can lead to difficulties during delivery), preterm birth, respiratory distress syndrome, low blood sugar levels at birth, and a higher risk of being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during their lifetime.
Prevention Strategies
Preventing gestational diabetes isn’t always possible, but there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. The following lifestyle changes promote overall health and can help regulate your body’s ability to process blood sugar during pregnancy. Adopting these habits early in your pregnancy—or before conception—can make a significant difference.
- Healthy Eating: Focus on whole foods with lean proteins and high fiber, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Exercise Regularly: Regular activities like walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga can help regulate or lower blood sugar levels.
- Early Prenatal Care: Routine screenings can identify gestational diabetes early, making it easier to manage.
Signs and Symptoms
It’s important to note that many women with gestational diabetes may not exhibit any symptoms, making regular prenatal screenings essential for early detection and management. However, some women may experience:
- Increased Thirst and Urination: Feeling unusually thirsty and needing to urinate more frequently than normal.
- Fatigue: Experiencing significant tiredness, which can be challenging to distinguish from typical pregnancy fatigue.
Managing Gestational Diabetes
Managing gestational diabetes effectively can help prevent complications during and after your pregnancy. Treatment options generally include a combination of diet, exercise, and—in some cases—medication.
- Blood Sugar Monitoring: Track your levels regularly as directed by your provider.
- Meal Planning: Work with a nutritionist to create a balanced eating plan.
- Medications or Insulin: If lifestyle changes aren’t enough, your provider may recommend supplemental insulin or medication.
When to See Your Doctor
If you are at an increased risk of gestational diabetes or would like to be screened, consult your health care provider. Regular prenatal visits typically include screening between 24 and 28 weeks, but your doctor may recommend earlier testing if you have certain risk factors.
This article is meant for informational purposes only. If you have questions or would like further information, make an appointment with your primary care provider.
